Audubon scientists created management briefs for 525 refuges managed by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. Each brief describes how projected changes in a refuge’s climate could affect its bird populations. In addition to describing high-level trends, the briefs list whether the refuge’s climate is stable, worsening, or improving for each current bird species in summer and winter, as well as those species that could potentially colonize or be extirpated from the refuge in both seasons. Finally, each brief includes recommendations for how staff might manage their refuges to prepare birds for the coming changes.
Learn about changes across the National Wildlife Refuge System in the overview brief: PDF
Learn about how this study was conducted in the methodology brief: PDF
State
Alabama | Alaska | Arizona | Arkansas | California | Colorado | Connecticut | Delaware | Florida | Georgia | Hawaii | Idaho | Illinois | Indiana | Iowa | Kansas | Kentucky | Louisiana | Maine | Maryland | Massachusetts | Michigan | Minnesota | Mississippi | Missouri | Montana | Nebraska | Nevada | New Hampshire | New Jersey | New Mexico | New York | North Carolina | North Dakota | Ohio | Oklahoma | Oregon | Pennsylvania | Rhode Island | South Carolina | South Dakota | Tennessee | Texas | Utah | Vermont | Virginia | Washington | West Virginia | Wisconsin | Wyoming
Bon Secour National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Cahaba River National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Choctaw National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Eufaula National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Fern Cave National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Grand Bay National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Key Cave National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Mountain Longleaf National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Sauta Cave National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Watercress Darter National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Wheeler National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Alaska
Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Alaska Peninsula National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Arctic National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Becharof National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Innoko National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Izembek National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Kanuti National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Kenai National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Kodiak National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Koyukuk National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Nowitna National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Selawik National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Tetlin National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Togiak National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Arizona
Bill Williams River National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Buenos Aires National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Cibola National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Gila River Waterfowl Management Area PDF
Havasu National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Imperial National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Kofa National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Leslie Canyon National Wildlife Refuge PDF
San Bernardino National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Arkansas
Bald Knob National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Big Lake National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Cache River National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Dale Bumpers White River National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Felsenthal National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Holla Bend National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Logan Cave National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Overflow National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Pond Creek National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Wapanocca National Wildlife Refuge PDF
California
Antioch Dunes National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Bitter Creek National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Blue Ridge National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Butte Sink Wildlife Management Area PDF
Clear Lake National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Coachella Valley National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Colusa National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Delevan National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Ellicott Slough National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Grasslands Wildlife Management Area PDF
Guadalupe-Nipomo Dunes National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Hopper Mountain National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Humboldt Bay National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Kern National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Marin Islands National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Merced National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Modoc National Wildlife Refuge PDF
North Central Valley Wildlife Management Area PDF
Pixley National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Sacramento River National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Salinas River National Wildlife Refuge PDF
San Diego Bay National Wildlife Refuge PDF
San Diego National Wildlife Refuge PDF
San Joaquin River National Wildlife Refuge PDF
San Luis National Wildlife Refuge PDF
San Pablo Bay National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Seal Beach National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Sonny Bono Salton Sea National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Stone Lakes National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Sutter National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Tijuana Slough National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Tulare Basin Wildlife Management Area PDF
Tule Lake National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Willow Creek-Lurline Wildlife Management Area PDF
Colorado
Alamosa National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Arapaho National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Baca National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Browns Park National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Colorado River Wildlife Management Area PDF
Monte Vista National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Rocky Flats National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Sangre De Cristo Conservation Area PDF
Two Ponds National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Delaware
Bombay Hook National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Prime Hook National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Supawna Meadows National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Florida
Archie Carr National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Arthur R. Marshall Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Caloosahatchee National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Cedar Keys National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Chassahowitzka National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Crocodile Lake National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Crystal River National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Egmont Key National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Everglades Headwaters National Wildlife Refuge and Conservation Area PDF
Florida Panther National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Great White Heron National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Hobe Sound National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Island Bay National Wildlife Refuge PDF
J. N. Ding Darling National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Key West National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Lake Wales Ridge National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Lake Woodruff National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Lower Suwannee National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Matlacha Pass National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge PDF
National Key Deer Refuge PDF
Pelican Island National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Pine Island National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Pinellas National Wildlife Refuge PDF
St. Johns National Wildlife Refuge PDF
St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge PDF
St. Vincent National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Ten Thousand Islands National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Georgia
Banks Lake National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Blackbeard Island National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Bond Swamp National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Harris Neck National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Piedmont National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Savannah National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Tybee National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Wassaw National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Wolf Island National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Idaho
Bear Lake National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Camas National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Deer Flat National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Grays Lake National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Kootenai National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Minidoka National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Oxford Slough Waterfowl Production Area PDF
Illinois
Chautauqua National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Crab Orchard National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Cypress Creek National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Emiquon National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Great River National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Hackmatack National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Kankakee National Wildlife Refuge and Conservation Area PDF
Meredosia National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Two Rivers National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Indiana
Big Oaks National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Muscatatuck National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Patoka River National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Iowa
Desoto National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Driftless Area National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Iowa Wetland Management District PDF
Neal Smith National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Port Louisa National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Union Slough National Wildlife Refuge PDF
Kansas
Flint Hills N