Guide to North American Birds

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Photo: Kirk Waln/USFWS

Island Scrub-Jay

Aphelocoma insularis

Larger, darker, and more richly colored than the Western Scrub-Jay is this very localized species. It lives only on Santa Cruz Island, a little over 20 miles long and up to five miles wide in places, one of the Channel Islands off the coast of southern California.

Conservation status	Total population has been estimated recently at about 2,300. (Previous estimates of over 12,000 probably were much too high.) The removal of feral sheep from most of Santa Cruz Island in the 1980s apparently has improved habitat quality for the jay. However, the species is still considered vulnerable because of the small size of the island.
Family	Crows, Magpies, Jays
Habitat	Mostly oak woodland and chaparral. Its major habitats on Santa Cruz Island consist of low chaparral dominated by island scrub oak and woodlands dominated by other species of oaks. As with many kinds of island birds, however, it is adaptable, taking advantage of other habitats such as pine woods and streamside thickets.

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Feeding Behavior

Forages on the ground and in trees, sometimes in flocks. Often harvests acorns and buries them, to retrieve and eat them later.

Eggs

3-4, sometimes 2-5. Light bluish green, spotted faintly with olive. Incubation is by female, about 18 days. Young: Fed by both parents. Age at first flight is not well known. 1 brood per year.

Young

Fed by both parents. Age at first flight is not well known. 1 brood per year.

Diet

Omnivorous. Diet varies with season. Eats a wide variety of insects and other arthropods. Feeds heavily on acorns, especially in fall, as well as other seeds and berries. Also eats small lizards, snakes, mice, and the eggs and young of smaller birds.

Nesting

Unlike Florida Scrub-Jay and Mexican Jay, this species breeds in isolated pairs, not in cooperative flocks. Nest site is in tree or shrub, usually an oak, typically 6-10 feet above the ground but sometimes much higher. Nest (built by both sexes) is a bulky, thick-walled cup of twigs, lined with fine rootlets and sometimes with animal hair.

Illustration © David Allen Sibley.
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Text © Kenn Kaufman, adapted from
Lives of North American Birds

Migration

Permanent resident, not known to stray away from Santa Cruz Island.

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Migration

Permanent resident, not known to stray away from Santa Cruz Island.

Songs and Calls

No advertising song; vocalizations similar to those of Western Scrub-Jay, although generally louder and harsher than among mainland birds. Most common calls a harsh shek-shek-shek or rising shreeenk.

Audio © Lang Elliott, Bob McGuire, Kevin Colver, Martyn Stewart and others.
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