Feeding Behavior

Forages in various trees and bushes but especially in oaks, hopping actively among branches and twigs, pecking at bases of leaves, often hanging upside down. Will feed on the ground briefly as well. Will come to bird feeders for seeds or peanut-butter mixtures; opens seeds by holding them with feet and pounding with bill.

Eggs

5-7. Unmarked white. Details of incubation are not well known, but probably mostly or entirely by female. Young: Probably both parents bring food for young. Development of young and age at first flight not well known.

Young

Probably both parents bring food for young. Development of young and age at first flight not well known.

Diet

Mostly insects, some seeds. Diet is poorly known. Apparently feeds mostly on insects, including caterpillars, beetles, probably many others, including insect eggs and pupae. Also eats various seeds.

Nesting

Nesting behavior is poorly known. Pairs may remain together at all seasons, establishing nesting territory after flocks break up in late winter. In Arizona and adjacent New Mexico, nesting activity is mostly from April to June. Nest site is in hole in tree, often in dead limb or stump; may be either natural cavity or old woodpecker hole. Nest height varies, 4-30' above ground. Will also use artificial nest boxes. Nest has extensive soft lining of grass, leaves, spiderwebs, lichens, plant down, catkins, animal hair, and other items.