Scissor-tailed Flycatcher
Scissor-tailed Flycatcher
Tyrannus forficatus
At a Glance
On the southern Great Plains, this beautiful bird is common in summer, often resting on roadside fences and wires. Seen perched at a distance a Scissor-tailed Flycatcher may look like a slim, long-tailed Mockingbird — until it flies, showing off the salmon-pink under the wings, its long tail streamers flaring wide as it maneuvers in mid-air to catch an insect. Although it looks unique, the Scissor-tailed Flycatcher is closely related to the kingbirds, and like them it will fearlessly attack larger birds that come near its nest.
All bird guide text and rangemaps adapted from Lives of North American Birds by Kenn Kaufman© 1996, used by permission of Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.
Category
Perching Birds, Tyrant Flycatchers
IUCN Status
Least Concern
Habitat
Fields, Meadows, and Grasslands, Shrublands, Savannas, and Thickets
Region
California, Florida, Plains, Rocky Mountains, Southeast, Southwest, Texas
Behavior
Direct Flight, Hovering
Population
9.100.000
Range & Identification
Migration & Range Maps
On the breeding grounds, often arrives early (by early April) and stays late (to October, even a few through November). Strays wander to either coast, and small numbers winter regularly in southern Florida.
Description
Sexes similar; male slightly larger — Length: 14 - 15 in (36 - 38 cm); wingspan: 15 - 17 in (38 - 43 cm); weight: 1.1 - 1.9 oz (32 - 54 g). The Scissor-tailed Flycatcher is pale overall with dusky wings, streaming black-and-white tail (slightly shorter on female), orange-pink on sides and under wings. Young birds have a shorter tail which can resemble a Western Kingbird but paler.
Size
About the size of a Crow, About the size of a Robin
Color
Black, Gray, Red, White
Wing Shape
Pointed
Tail Shape
Forked, Long
Songs and Calls
A harsh kee-kee-kee-kee. Also chattering notes like those of Eastern Kingbird.
Call Pattern
Flat, Undulating
Call Type
Chirp/Chip, Trill
Habitat
Semi-open country, ranches, farms, roadsides. The Scissor-tailed Flycatcher favors grassland or farmland with scattered trees or isolated groves. It may breed in open grassland with no trees in some areas, where utility poles provide artificial nest sites. Winters in open or semi-open country in the tropics.
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Behavior
Eggs
A Scissor-tailed Flycatcher generally lays 3-5 eggs, rarely 6. Eggs are whitish, blotched with brown and gray. Incubation is by female, about 14-17 days.
Young
Both parents bring food to nestlings. Young leave the nest about 14-16 days after hatching.
Feeding Behavior
The Scissor-tailed Flycatcher forages mostly by watching from a perch, flying out to catch insects, then returning to perch to eat them. May take insects in mid-air, or may pick them from foliage or from ground while hovering; very agile and maneuverable in flight.
Diet
The Scissor-tailed Flycatcher primarily eats insects. These insects, include many grasshoppers, also beetles, wasps, bees, true bugs, flies, caterpillars, moths, and others. It also eats some spiders. Small numbers of berries and wild fruits are eaten occasionally.
Nesting
The male Scissor-tailed Flycatcher has a spectacular courtship display, sharply rising and descending in flight, its long tail streamers opening and closing, while the bird gives sharp calls. May perform backwards somersaults in the air. Nest site is usually in a tree or tall shrub, placed on a horizontal limb or less often in a vertical fork, usually 7-30 ft above the ground. Often also places nest where wires attach to utility poles, or on other artificial sites such as towers or bridge supports. Nest (built by female) is a ragged open cup of twigs, weeds, rootlets, and grass, lined with finer materials such as hair and plant down.
Conservation
Conservation Status
Scissor-tailed Flycatcher has probably increased in some areas as planting of shelterbelt trees provided more nesting sites. Has declined in some areas in recent decades.
Climate Threats Facing the Scissor-tailed Flycatcher
Choose a temperature scenario below to see which threats will affect this species as warming increases. The same climate change-driven threats that put birds at risk will affect other wildlife and people, too.
