Cedar Waxwing
Cedar Waxwing
Bombycilla cedrorum
At a Glance
With thin, lisping cries, flocks of the Cedar Waxwing descend on berry-laden trees and hedges, to flutter among the branches as they feast. These birds are sociable at all seasons, and it is rare to see just one waxwing. Occasionally a line of waxwings perched on a branch will pass a berry back and forth, from bill to bill, until one of them swallows it. This species has a more southerly range than the Bohemian Waxwing, and is a familiar visitor to most parts of this continent south of the Arctic.
All bird guide text and rangemaps adapted from Lives of North American Birds by Kenn Kaufman© 1996, used by permission of Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.
Category
Perching Birds, Waxwings
IUCN Status
Least Concern
Habitat
Arroyos and Canyons, Coasts and Shorelines, Desert and Arid Habitats, Fields, Meadows, and Grasslands, Forests and Woodlands, Freshwater Wetlands, Lakes, Ponds, and Rivers, Shrublands, Savannas, and Thickets, Urban and Suburban Habitats
Region
Alaska and The North, California, Eastern Canada, Florida, Great Lakes, Mid Atlantic, New England, Northwest, Plains, Rocky Mountains, Southeast, Southwest, Texas, Western Canada
Behavior
Direct Flight, Flap/Glide, Hopping
Population
64.000.000
Range & Identification
Migration & Range Maps
Migratory flocks of 30-100 begin to form in August. The Cedar Waxwing migrate southward in the winter, but move about irregularly; both breeding and wintering areas may change from year to year, depending on food supplies. Some may linger south of breeding range into late spring or early summer.
Description
Sexes similar — Length: 5.5-6.7 in (14-17 cm); wingspan: 8.7-11.8 in (22-30 cm); weight: 1 oz (32 g). The adult Cedar Waxwing has a yellow band on tail tip, narrow black mask and dark throat, yellow belly, short crest. In far north or in winter, compare to the Bohemian Waxwing. The juvenile has blurry streaks on plumage but shows diagnostic yellow tail band.
Size
About the size of a Robin, About the size of a Sparrow
Color
Black, Brown, Gray, Red, Tan, White, Yellow
Wing Shape
Broad, Pointed
Tail Shape
Rounded, Short, Square-tipped
Songs and Calls
A igh-pitched trill and thin lisp, tseee whistle.
Call Pattern
Falling, Flat
Call Type
Buzz, Hi, Trill, Whistle
Habitat
Open woodlands, fruiting trees, orchards; in winter, widespread, including towns. Breeding habitat is influenced by availability of fruiting trees and shrubs, often most common in "edge" situations, as along forest edges, streamsides, overgrown fields, edges of swamps, suburban yards. In winter, may be in any wooded or semi-open area where berries are abundant.
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Behavior
Eggs
2-6. Pale blue to bluish gray, finely spotted with gray or black. Incubation is by the female Cedar Waxwing only, for 11-13 days.
Young
Both the male and female Cedar Waxwing feed nestlings. Young leave the nest about 14-18 days after hatching. 1-2 broods per year.
Feeding Behavior
Except when nesting, almost always forages in flocks. Throughout the year, the Cedar Waxwing feeds on fleshy fruits. May hover briefly while plucking berries or pluck while holding branch. In summer, the Cedar Waxwing will also catch insects mid-air and take from foliage.
Diet
Mostly berries and insects. Majority of annual diet is berries and small fruits; feeds on very wide variety of berries, with some important sources including juniper, dogwood, and wild cherries. Also eats some flowers and will drink oozing sap. Eats many insects in summer, including beetles, caterpillars, ants. Young nestlings are fed mostly insects at first, then more berries after a few days.
Nesting
In many areas, nesting is late, not beginning until mid-summer. Only a small area is defended as territory by the Cedar Waxwing, so birds may nest near others in small colonies. In courtship, the male and female Cedar Waxwing may perch close together, posturing, touching bills, and passing food items back and forth. Nest: Placed in tree, on horizontal limb or in fork, usually 6-20 ft above the ground but can be lower or much higher (up to 50'). The female Cedar Waxwing do most of the nest building, loosely built open cup of grass, weeds, twigs, plant fibers, lined with finer materials such as moss, rootlets, fine grass, hair.
Conservation
Conservation Status
The Cedar Waxwing is of low conservation concern; local numbers vary widely, but overall population is holding up well or increasing, likely due to the ban of DDT and habitat restoration.
Climate Threats Facing the Cedar Waxwing
Choose a temperature scenario below to see which threats will affect this species as warming increases. The same climate change-driven threats that put birds at risk will affect other wildlife and people, too.
